{"id":1618,"date":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/cn\/why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","slug":"why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/cn\/why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u7684ERD\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b9e\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08ERD\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7eb8\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4f60\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u5f20\u84dd\u56fe\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ee7\u627f\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u5f31\u70b9\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u5669\u68a6\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5\u906d\u9047\u8fde\u9501\u6027\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u5c11\u662f\u6280\u672f\u6808\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u7406\u89e3ERD\u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u57fa\u6570\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u6700\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5f71\u54cd\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Charcoal sketch infographic illustrating 10 critical Entity Relationship Diagram design failures: ambiguous relationships, cardinality confusion, normalization traps, poor naming conventions, foreign key misconfigurations, performance implications, maintenance challenges, validation checklist, communication gaps, and pattern summary table. Visual features cracked ERD blueprint with warning symbols, relationship diagrams with correct\/incorrect patterns, balance scales for normalization, and three foundational pillars labeled Clarity, Integrity, and Maintainability supporting database stability.\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/erd-design-failures-infographic-charcoal-sketch-16x9-1.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1. \u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027 \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2aERD\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u5173\u7cfb\u672a\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u754c\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u5fc5\u987b\u63a8\u65ad\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5173\u8054\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9690\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u663e\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n<p>\u663e\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u952e\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u9690\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c<strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7f3a\u53e3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u663e\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5220\u9664\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u5f55\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u7ea7\u8054\u5220\u9664\u3001\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u9690\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u4ee3\u7801\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7801\u5931\u6548\u6216\u88ab\u7ed5\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u7559\u4e0b\u5b64\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6807\u6ce8\u5173\u7cfb\u54ea\u4e00\u4fa7\u5305\u542b\u5916\u952e\u65f6\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u5916\u952e\u653e\u5728\u8868A\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u5219\u653e\u5728\u8868B\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u57fa\u6570\u6807\u7b7e<\/h3>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u57fa\u6570\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u731c\u6d4b\u3002\u57fa\u6570\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6216\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u7f3a\u5c11\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u96be\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\uff1a<\/strong> \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u786e\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982<em>\u975e\u7a7a<\/em> \u7ea6\u675f\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5931\u6548\uff1a<\/strong> \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8ba2\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u5374\u8981\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \u57fa\u6570\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u9677\u9631 \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n<p>\u57fa\u6570\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u6e90\u4e8e\u5efa\u6a21\u9636\u6bb5\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u6df7\u6dc6\u5e38\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\uff081:1\uff09\u3001\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\uff081:N\uff09\u548c\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\uff08M:N\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5197\u4f59<\/h3>\n<p>\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5efa\u6a21\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u5171\u4eab\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u5e38\u5e94\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u6216\u5408\u5e76\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u6b63\u786e\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4e0d\u826f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5458\u5de5\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u5fbd\u7ae0<\/td>\n<td>\u5355\u4e2a\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u9009\u5217<\/td>\n<td>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\u5386\u53f2<\/td>\n<td>\u5e26\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868<\/td>\n<td>\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u826f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1:N \u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5916\u952e<\/h3>\n<p>\u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5916\u952e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5916\u952e\u5e94\u4f4d\u4e8e\u201c\u591a\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u786e\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u8ba2\u5355<\/code> \u8868\u5305\u542b <code>\u7528\u6237ID<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u7528\u6237<\/code> \u8868\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7ec4 <code>\u8ba2\u5355ID<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u5217\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8ID\u5217\u8868\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u8feb\u4f7f\u8fdb\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u5b9e\u4f53<\/h3>\n<p>\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4e00\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5916\u952e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u8054\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5373\u6865\u63a5\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ffd\u7565\u6865\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u4e3a\u4f55\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f60\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b58\u50a8\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a <em>\u5b66\u751f<\/em> \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a <em>\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/em>\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u72ec\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u6216\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u7ee9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0e\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u9677\u9631 \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n<p>\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0d\u8db3\u5219\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5b58\u50a8\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u6765\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5371\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u63d2\u5165\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5916\u952e\uff0c\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u66f4\u6539\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u503c\u4f46\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u53e6\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5220\u9664\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u610f\u5916\u5730\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4f55\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u5347\u8bfb\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u624d\u5408\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u9891\u7387<\/strong> \u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u672c<\/strong> \u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u62a5\u544a\u9700\u6c42<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u9884\u5148\u805a\u5408\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5e38\u5e38\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u526f\u672c\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e76\u5e26\u6765\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6545\u969c\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u4e0e\u8bed\u4e49 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8fdc\u591a\u4e8e\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u62c5\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8bed\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u901a\u7528\u540d\u79f0<\/h3>\n<p>\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1a<code>Table1<\/code>, <code>Column_A<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u8005<code>Data<\/code>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u79f0\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u67e5\u770b\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u597d\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u8ba2\u5355\u9879\u76ee<\/code>, <code>\u4ea4\u6613\u65e5\u671f<\/code>, <code>\u5ba2\u6237\u8d44\u6599<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5355\u590d\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u504f\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u6570\u8868\u540d\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u504f\u597d\u590d\u6570\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\u7528\u6237<\/code>, <code>\u8ba2\u5355<\/code>, <code>\u4ea7\u54c1<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>\u7528\u6237<\/code>, <code>\u8ba2\u5355<\/code>, <code>\u4ea7\u54c1<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u67e5\u8be2\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u5c42\u624b\u52a8\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u50cf<code>\u8ba2\u5355<\/code>, <code>\u7528\u6237<\/code>\uff0c\u6216<code>\u7ec4<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7528\u4f5c\u8868\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u66f4\u96be\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5. \u5916\u952e\u9677\u9631 \ud83d\udd11<\/h2>\n<p>\u5916\u952e\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u672c\u8282\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5916\u952e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u952e<\/h3>\n<p>\u9012\u5f52\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a<code>\u5458\u5de5<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a<code>\u5458\u5de5<\/code>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5f20\u8868\u7684\u5916\u952e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7ea6\u675f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u5220\u9664\u7ecf\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u5c5e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong>\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49<code>\u7ea7\u8054<\/code>\u6216<code>\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/code>\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u590d\u5408\u952e<\/h3>\n<p>\u590d\u5408\u952e\uff08\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u952e\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4f46\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8868\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u590d\u5408\u952e\uff0c\u5b50\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u7236\u952e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6545\u969c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7236\u952e\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u952e\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\uff0c\u5b50\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u591a\u884c\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4ee3\u4ef7\u9ad8\u6602\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u53ef\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u5916\u952e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5916\u952e\u5217\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3a\u53ef\u9009\u65f6\u624d\u5e94\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u5217\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a<code>\u975e\u7a7a<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b66\u544a\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>\u7a7a\u503c<\/code>\u6765\u8868\u793a\u201c\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u4f1a\u4f7fSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u4e3a<code>\u4e3a\u7a7a<\/code>\u6216<code>\u4e0d\u4e3a NULL<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6. \u574f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u826f\u7684ERD\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u76f4\u63a5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7d22\u5f15\u788e\u7247\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u5916\u952e\u672a\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u5168\u8868\u626b\u63cf\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5f15\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u6162\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8fde\u63a5\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u90fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u661f\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e\u96ea\u82b1\u578b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9501\u4e89\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9501\u6765\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u671f\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u963b\u585e\u548c\u8d85\u65f6\u3002\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e8b\u52a1\u9501\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>7. \u7ef4\u62a4\u5669\u68a6 \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684ERD\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6210\u672c\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u7ef4\u62a4\u9636\u6bb5\u6b63\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7f3a\u9677\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u8fdb<\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u9700\u6c42\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u96be\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u8868\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u91cd\u5199\u5e94\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u89c1\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e4b\u524d\u672a\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u8be5\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8868\u88ab\u9501\u5b9a\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807ERD\u4e0e\u6e90\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u6570\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc1\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>8. \u9a8c\u8bc1\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355 \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9aERD\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u68c0\u67e5\u6e05\u5355\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6240\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\uff1f<\/strong> \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u9690\u5f0f\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6807\u6ce8\u4e86\u57fa\u6570\uff1f<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd1:1\u30011:N\u6216M:N\u5173\u7cfb\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u952e\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\uff1f<\/strong> \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7e41\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u952e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5916\u952e\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f<\/strong> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u662f\u5426\u5408\u9002\uff1f<\/strong> \u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u540d\u7ea6\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/strong> \u68c0\u67e5\u5355\u590d\u6570\u6df7\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u662f\u5426\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff1f<\/strong> \u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6838\u5bf9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u662f\u5426\u6709\u9012\u5f52\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff1f<\/strong> \u5b9a\u4e49\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. \u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u6c9f\u901a \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\uff0cERD\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u5e76\u975e\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c9f\u901a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u8868\u662f\u4e1a\u52a1\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u56e2\u961f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u56fe\u8868\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f1:1\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u62d2\u7edd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u3002\u56fe\u8868\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u6620\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e0e\u4ee3\u7801\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ddf\u8e2a\u53d8\u66f4\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u90e8\u843d\u77e5\u8bc6\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>10. \u5173\u952e\u6a21\u5f0f\u603b\u7ed3 \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n<p>\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u53ca\u5176\u4fee\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u7c7b\u522b<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u75c7\u72b6<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4fee\u6b63<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7f3a\u5931\u57fa\u6570<\/td>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u660e\u786e<\/td>\n<td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6807\u7b7e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u952e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<td>\u5faa\u73af\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\n<td>\u5c06\u952e\u653e\u5728\u201c\u591a\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8fc7\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u8fc7\u591a<\/td>\n<td>\u6218\u7565\u6027\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n<td>\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<td>\u5e94\u7528\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u89c4\u5219<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u4f73<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377<\/td>\n<td>\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6807\u51c6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/td>\n<td>\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d\u6216\u8f6c\u4e49\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2>11. \u4fe1\u5fc3\u6ee1\u6ee1\u5730\u7ee7\u7eed\u524d\u8fdb \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5e73\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u907f\u514d\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bf7\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u8be5\u56fe\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u8425\u60c5\u51b5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5c06ERD\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u6ce8\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u3002\u5173\u6ce8\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5173\u6ce8\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u5c06\u9632\u6b62\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6545\u969c\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u8bbe\u8ba1\u903b\u8f91\u800c\u975e\u5feb\u901f\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u8282\u7701\u65e0\u6570\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f60\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u952e\u3002\u5ba1\u67e5\u4f60\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u6295\u5165\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u56de\u62a5\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b9e\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\uff08ERD\uff09\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7eb8\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4f60\u6570\u636e\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u84dd&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f60\u7684ERD\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff1a\u5e38\u89c1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9677\u9631\u89e3\u6790 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