{"id":1528,"date":"2026-03-28T06:58:20","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T06:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/object-diagrams-made-simple-student-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-28T06:58:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T06:58:20","slug":"object-diagrams-made-simple-student-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/object-diagrams-made-simple-student-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u7c21\u660e\u6307\u5357\uff1a\u7121\u7e41\u96dc\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u53cb\u597d\u5165\u9580"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u8edf\u9ad4\u5de5\u7a0b\u6216\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\uff0c\u4f60\u6703\u9047\u5230\u5404\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5716\u8868\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716<\/strong>\u7279\u5225\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u8996\u5716\u3002\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6b64\u5716\u8868\u6355\u6349\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u7cbe\u78ba\u6642\u523b\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u975c\u614b\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5c07\u6e05\u6670\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u8868\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u95b1\u8b80\u5b83\u5011\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Hand-drawn whiteboard infographic explaining UML Object Diagrams: shows definition as system snapshot, class vs object diagram comparison table, library system example with connected instances (sarah_l:Librarian, tom_s:Student, book_101:Book), 5-step construction process, multiplicity symbols legend (1, 0..1, 1..*, 0..*), common mistakes warning box, and key takeaways for students learning software engineering and system design\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/object-diagrams-made-simple-infographic-whiteboard-style.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd0d \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u662f\u4e00\u7a2eUML\uff08\u7d71\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8a9e\u8a00\uff09\u5716\u8868\u3002\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u7cfb\u7d71\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6642\u523b\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u72c0\u614b\u5feb\u7167\u3002\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u904b\u884c\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002\u7576\u985e\u5716\u986f\u793a\u85cd\u5716\uff08\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\uff09\u6642\uff0c\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u5247\u986f\u793a\u7cfb\u7d71\u76ee\u524d\u5be6\u969b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u985e\u5716\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u985e\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/em>, <em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b9a\u7fa9\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005_001<\/em>, <em>\u8a02\u55ae_554<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u5225\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u5716\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u8a72\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u8cc7\u6599\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83e\uddf1 \u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u4ef6\u8207\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u8981\u95b1\u8b80\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u8996\u89ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\u90fd\u9075\u5faa\u56b4\u683c\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7121\u6cd5\u95b1\u8b80\u6b64\u5716\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u7269\u4ef6\u5be6\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7269\u4ef6\u4ee5\u77e9\u5f62\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u5728\u77e9\u5f62\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7269\u4ef6\u540d\u7a31\uff1a<\/strong>\u4ee5<em>\u659c\u9ad4<\/em>\u4e26\u52a0\u4e0a\u5e95\u7dda\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>john_doe<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u985e\u5225\u540d\u7a31\uff1a<\/strong> \u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u7269\u4ef6\u540d\u7a31\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5192\u865f\u5206\u9694\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>john_doe<\/em> : <strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5217\u5728\u985e\u5225\u540d\u7a31\u4e0b\u65b9\u3002\u7528\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u5c6c\u6027\u8207\u503c<\/h3>\n<p>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u985e\u578b\uff1b\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86<em>name: \u5b57\u4e32<\/em>\uff0c\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u5fc5\u9808\u986f\u793a\u5be6\u969b\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<em>name: \u300cAlice\u300d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u898b\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u4f3c<code>+<\/code> \u7684\u7b26\u865f\u8868\u793a\u516c\u958b\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528<code>-<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u79c1\u6709\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u8acb\u5728\u503c\u65c1\u52a0\u4e0a\u985e\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982<code>age: 25<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u503c\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u503c\u907a\u5931\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5<code>null<\/code> \u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6216\u4f9d\u6a19\u6e96\u7559\u7a7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3. \u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u95dc\u806f<\/h3>\n<p>\u7269\u4ef6\u6703\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u4ef6\u9023\u63a5\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7dda\u6bb5\u4ee3\u8868\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u985e\u5225\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u5be6\u4f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u95dc\u806f\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u689d\u9023\u63a5\u5169\u500b\u7269\u4ef6\u7684\u7dda\u3002\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u5011\u5f7c\u6b64\u77e5\u9053\u5c0d\u65b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u7dda\u689d\u672b\u7aef\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u3002\u8868\u793a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<code>1<\/code>, <code>0..1<\/code>, <code>1..*<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89d2\u8272\u540d\u7a31\uff1a<\/strong> \u7dda\u4e0a\u63cf\u8ff0\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6587\u5b57\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em>\u64c1\u6709<\/em>, <em>\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca \u985e\u5716\u8207\u7269\u4ef6\u5716<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b78\u751f\u7d93\u5e38\u6df7\u6dc6\u9019\u5169\u8005\u3002\u6bd4\u8f03\u8868\u683c\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u91d0\u6e05\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n<th>\u985e\u5716<\/th>\n<th>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u91cd\u9ede<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u85cd\u5716<\/td>\n<td>\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f8b\u8207\u8cc7\u6599<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u6642\u9593<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u7121\u6642\u9593\u6027\uff08\u975c\u614b\u898f\u5283\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5feb\u7167\uff08\u67d0\u4e00\u6642\u523b\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u540d\u7a31<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u985e\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u7c97\u9ad4\uff0c\u5927\u5beb\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5be6\u4f8b\u540d\u7a31\uff08\u659c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5c0f\u5beb\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u5c6c\u6027<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u985e\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em>int<\/em>)<\/td>\n<td>\u503c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em>42<\/em>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u8a2d\u8a08\u968e\u6bb5<\/td>\n<td>\u6e2c\u8a66\u3001\u9664\u932f\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7de8\u5beb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u7269\u4ef6\u5716<\/h2>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u5716\u8868\u9700\u8981\u908f\u8f2f\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8edf\u9ad4\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u548c\u65b9\u683c\u7d19\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9a5f 1\uff1a\u8b58\u5225\u60c5\u5883<\/h3>\n<p>\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u64ec\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u958b\u59cb\u55ce\uff1f\u767b\u5165\u7684\u7d50\u675f\u55ce\uff1f\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u55ce\uff1f\u60c5\u5883\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u7269\u4ef6\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9a5f 2\uff1a\u9078\u64c7\u7269\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<p>\u8b58\u5225\u6b64\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u985e\u5225\u3002\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u8207\u76ee\u524d\u72c0\u614b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u6a21\u64ec\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8a02\u55ae\uff0c\u5247<em>\u4ed8\u6b3e<\/em>\u7269\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c<em>\u8cfc\u7269\u8eca<\/em>\u7269\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\u6216\u5df2\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9a5f 3\uff1a\u5b9a\u7fa9\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u7269\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u756b\u7dda\u3002\u78ba\u4fdd\u9019\u4e9b\u7dda\u7b26\u5408\u4f60\u5728\u985e\u5225\u5716\u4e2d\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002\u5982\u679c\u985e\u5225\u5716\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u500b<em>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/em>\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u8a31\u591a<em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>\uff0c\u5247\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u5fc5\u9808\u53cd\u6620\u6709\u6548\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7269\u4ef6\u8207\u4e09\u500b\u8a02\u55ae\u7269\u4ef6\u76f8\u9023\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9a5f 4\uff1a\u6307\u6d3e\u503c<\/h3>\n<p>\u586b\u5165\u5c6c\u6027\u503c\u3002\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u985e\u578b\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u78ba\u4fdd\u503c\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u500b<em>\u65e5\u671f<\/em>\u5c6c\u6027\u61c9\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96a8\u6a5f\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9a5f 5\uff1a\u6aa2\u8996\u591a\u91cd\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u6aa2\u67e5\u95dc\u806f\u7dda\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7d04\u675f\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9700\u8981\u4e14\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u9805\u76ee\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u756b\u4e86\u5169\u500b\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5716\u8868\u5c31\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83c\udf0d \u5be6\u969b\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h2>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u60f3\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u64ec\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u958b\u9580\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u65e9\u6668\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u60c5\u5883<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u540d\u540d\u53eb\u838e\u62c9\u7684\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1\u767b\u5165\u3002\u5979\u5df2\u5c07\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u5206\u914d\u7d66\u540d\u53eb\u6e6f\u59c6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u501f\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7269\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>sarah_l<\/em> : <strong>\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u54e1<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>tom_s<\/em> : <strong>\u5b78\u751f<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><em>book_101<\/em> : <strong>\u66f8\u7c4d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u5c6c\u6027<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><em>sarah_l<\/em>: <code>id: \"L001\"<\/code>, <code>\u72c0\u614b: \"\u6d3b\u8e8d\"<\/code><\/li>\n<li><em>tom_s<\/em>: <code>id: \"S055\"<\/code>, <code>\u72c0\u614b: \"\u501f\u95b1\u4e2d\"<\/code><\/li>\n<li><em>book_101<\/em>: <code>\u66f8\u540d: \"\u9032\u968eUML\"<\/code>, <code>\u72c0\u614b\uff1a\u300c\u5df2\u501f\u51fa\u300d<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u9023\u7d50<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f9e<em>sarah_l<\/em>\u5230<em>tom_s<\/em>\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba<em>\u7ba1\u7406<\/em>\uff08\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a\u5b78\u751f\u7aef\u70ba1..*\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f9e<em>tom_s<\/em>\u5230<em>book_101<\/em>\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba<em>\u501f\u95b1<\/em>\uff08\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a\u66f8\u7c4d\u7aef\u70ba1\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u8868\u793a\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u767c\u751f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u838e\u62c9\u3001\u6e6f\u59c6\u548c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u3002\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684ID\u3002\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u6bd4\u55ae\u7d14\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u66f4\u5177\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udeab \u61c9\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u4e5f\u6703\u72af\u932f\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9019\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\u5c07\u63d0\u5347\u4f60\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u985e\u578b\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0d\u8981\u5c07\u985e\u5225\u5c6c\u6027\u8207\u7269\u4ef6\u503c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u61c9\u4fdd\u6301\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5340\u5206\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ffd\u7565\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd\u7269\u4ef6\u6578\u91cf\u7b26\u5408\u985e\u5225\u5716\u4e2d\u5141\u8a31\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7269\u4ef6\u904e\u591a\uff1a<\/strong> \u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8b8a\u5f97\u6df7\u4e82\u3002\u61c9\u9650\u5236\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u8996\u5716\u4e2d\u986f\u793a\u6574\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u5c11\u6a19\u7c64\uff1a<\/strong> \u59cb\u7d42\u70ba\u7dda\u689d\u6a19\u4e0a\u6a19\u7c64\u3002\u672a\u6a19\u7c64\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6b67\u7fa9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u683c\u5f0f\u932f\u8aa4\uff1a<\/strong> \u8a18\u4f4f\uff1a\u7269\u4ef6\u540d\u7a31\u61c9\u659c\u9ad4\u4e26\u52a0\u5e95\u7dda\u3002\u985e\u5225\u540d\u7a31\u61c9\u70ba\u7c97\u9ad4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd17 \u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u591a\u91cd\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u591a\u91cd\u6027\u662f\u60a8\u5716\u8868\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7b26\u865f\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1:<\/strong>\u6070\u597d\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>0..1:<\/strong>\u96f6\u500b\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u9078\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5247\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>1..*:<\/strong>\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u70ba\u5fc5\u586b\u9805\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>0..*:<\/strong>\u96f6\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u3002\u53ef\u9078\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>2..5:<\/strong>\u7279\u5b9a\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4ecb\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u5230\u4e94\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7e6a\u88fd\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u6578\u5b57\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u9760\u8fd1\u5176\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u985e\u5225\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u7dda\u672b\u7aef\u3002\u9019\u6703\u544a\u8a34\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u8a72\u7279\u5b9a\u985e\u5225\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u985e\u5225\u5efa\u7acb\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcc8 \u70ba\u4f55\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u7e6a\u88fd\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\uff1f\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4f5c\u696d\u7df4\u7fd2\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u8edf\u9ad4\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1. \u9a57\u8b49<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u67e5\u60a8\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5716\u8868\u986f\u793a\u4e00\u500b<em>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/em>\u9023\u63a5\u5230<em>500\u7b46\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>\u4e14\u672a\u8a2d\u9650\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5411\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u65b0\u589e\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2. \u6e9d\u901a<\/h3>\n<p>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u7d93\u5e38\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u985e\u5225\u5716\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u5177\u9ad4\u8cc7\u6599\u5be6\u4f8b\u7684\u5716\u8868\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8b93\u975e\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u54e1\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5b83\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5916\u89c0\u9577\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u5b50\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u69cb\u5efa\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3. \u6e2c\u8a66<\/h3>\n<p>\u6e2c\u8a66\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6e2c\u8a66\u6848\u4f8b\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u80fd\u7cbe\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u8a72\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5b83\u6210\u70ba\u9a57\u8b49\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u6e05\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4. \u8abf\u8a66<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u8aa4\u6642\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u72c0\u614b\u5df2\u640d\u58de\u3002\u7e6a\u88fd\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\u6642\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8ffd\u67e5\u554f\u984c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u9810\u671f\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\uded1 \u975c\u614b\u8207\u52d5\u614b\u8996\u5716<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u6b64\u5716\u8868\u5728\u6574\u9ad4\u5716\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002UML \u5305\u542b\u8a31\u591a\u5716\u8868\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u986f\u793a\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u52d5\u614b\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u986f\u793a\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u975c\u614b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u975c\u614b\u7d50\u69cb\uff1a<\/strong>\u985e\u5225\u5716\u3001\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u3001\u7d44\u4ef6\u5716\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u52d5\u614b\u884c\u70ba\uff1a<\/strong> \u5e8f\u5217\u5716\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u6a5f\u5716\u3001\u6d3b\u52d5\u5716\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7269\u4ef6\u5716\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u975c\u614b\u7d50\u69cb\u5716\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u986f\u793a\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u986f\u793a\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u3002\u5b83\u51cd\u7d50\u4e86\u6642\u9593\u3002\u9019\u65e2\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7368\u7279\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u2705 \u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u52d9<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c08\u696d\u4e14\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u8acb\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u6301\u7c21\u6f54\uff1a<\/strong> \u82e5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7dda\u689d\u4ea4\u53c9\u3002\u6539\u7528\u6b63\u4ea4\u7dda\uff08\u76f4\u89d2\uff09\u800c\u975e\u659c\u7dda\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u6574\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u578b\u548c\u98a8\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u8a18\u9304\uff1a<\/strong> \u82e5\u95dc\u4fc2\u8f03\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u8acb\u5728\u5716\u5916\u6dfb\u52a0\u8a3b\u89e3\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u570d\u63a7\u5236\uff1a<\/strong> \u82e5\u5716\u5f62\u904e\u5927\uff0c\u8acb\u5c07\u5176\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u591a\u500b\u8996\u5716\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u65bc\u8a02\u55ae\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u70ba\u7269\u4ef6\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b\u3002\u5982\u9700\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u7db4\u5982 <code>obj_<\/code> \u6216 <code>inst_<\/code> \u82e5\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u8d77\u898b\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83e\udde9 \u9032\u968e\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a\u805a\u5408\u8207\u7d44\u5408<\/h2>\n<p>\u6a19\u6e96\u95dc\u806f\u50c5\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u7dda\u689d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u95dc\u4fc2\u6d89\u53ca\u64c1\u6709\u6b0a\u6216\u90e8\u5206-\u6574\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u4fc2\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7b26\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u805a\u5408<\/h3>\n<p>\u805a\u5408\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u6574\u9ad4-\u90e8\u5206\u300d\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u5728\u6574\u9ad4\u7aef\u5e36\u6709\u7a7a\u5fc3\u83f1\u5f62\u7684\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> 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