{"id":1580,"date":"2026-03-25T17:12:03","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:12:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/erd-component-breakdown-entities-attributes-relationships\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T17:12:03","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T17:12:03","slug":"erd-component-breakdown-entities-attributes-relationships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/erd-component-breakdown-entities-attributes-relationships\/","title":{"rendered":"ERD\u5143\u4ef6\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u89e3\u78bc\u5be6\u9ad4\u3001\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8a2d\u8a08\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u9700\u8981\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u5730\u5716\u3002\u5be6\u9ad4-\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u5373\u70ba\u6b64\u85cd\u5716\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u5982\u4f55\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u5be6\u9ad4\u3001\u5c6c\u6027\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u4e9b\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u67b6\u69cb\u5177\u5099\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Hand-drawn infographic illustrating Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) core components: entities shown as rectangles (Customer, Order, Product), attributes as ovals (simple, composite, multivalued, derived), and relationships as diamonds with crow's foot cardinality notation (1:1, 1:N, M:N); includes entity types (strong, weak, associative), key attributes (primary, foreign, unique), participation constraints, normalization stages (1NF-3NF), model evolution flow (conceptual\u2192logical\u2192physical), and a practical bookstore example with Book-Author-Customer relationships, all rendered in thick outline stroke aesthetic on warm paper background\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/erd-components-infographic-hand-drawn-entities-attributes-relationships.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f \u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fERD\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>ERD\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u5448\u73fe\u3002\u5b83\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8cc7\u6599\u5143\u7d20\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u9023\u7d50\u3002\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5716\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u662f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5247\u662f\u5c45\u4f4f\u8005\u3002ERD\u5f4c\u88dc\u4e86\u62bd\u8c61\u696d\u52d9\u9700\u6c42\u8207\u5177\u9ad4\u6280\u8853\u5be6\u73fe\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u512a\u52e2\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6e05\u6670\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u53ef\u5728\u4e0d\u64b0\u5beb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u8cc7\u6599\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u898f\u5247\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u4e00\u81f4\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6548\u7387\uff1a<\/strong>\u900f\u904e\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u73fe\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u958b\u767c\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e9d\u901a\uff1a<\/strong>\u70ba\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\u548c\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd11 \u5143\u4ef61\uff1a\u5be6\u9ad4<\/h2>\n<p>\u5be6\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u9700\u8981\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4e2d\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7269\u4ef6\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u69cb\u5efa\u55ae\u5143\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u90fd\u61c9\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u6027\u4e14\u53ef\u8b58\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.1 \u5b9a\u7fa9\u5be6\u9ad4<\/h3>\n<p>\u5be6\u9ad4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<em>\u5ba2\u6236<\/em>, <em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em>\uff0c\u6216<em>\u7522\u54c1<\/em>\u3002\u5728\u5716\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u7d44\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7269\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1.2 \u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u985e\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e26\u975e\u6240\u6709\u5be6\u9ad4\u90fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u5340\u5206\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5efa\u6a21\u8907\u96dc\u60c5\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5f37\u5be6\u9ad4\uff08\u5e38\u898f\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u5011\u7368\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5176\u4ed6\u5be6\u9ad4\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f31\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong> \u5b83\u5011\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5f37\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f86\u78ba\u7acb\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u82e5\u7121\u7236\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u96d9\u91cd\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4\uff1a<\/strong> \u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u95dc\u4fc2\u62c6\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u95dc\u4fc2\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a4b\u63a5\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u5169\u500b\u76f8\u95dc\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u9375\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.3 \u5be6\u9ad4\u8b58\u5225<\/h3>\n<p>\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u7b26\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u5b83\uff0c\u5340\u5206\u5169\u500b\u8a18\u9304\u5c07\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7cfb\u7d71\u751f\u6210\u7684ID\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cUUID\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u9375\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\u3001ISBN\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u8907\u5408\u9375\uff08\u591a\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcdd \u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5c6c\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u5c6c\u6027\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u6216\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5be6\u9ad4\u662f\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c6c\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u548c\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4\u77e9\u5f62\u76f8\u9023\u7684\u6a62\u5713\u5f62\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>2.1 \u5c6c\u6027\u5206\u985e<\/h3>\n<p>\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u5225\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u548c\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7c21\u55ae\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u5272\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u503c\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u5e74\u9f61<\/em> \u6216 <em>\u984f\u8272<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8907\u5408\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7d30\u5206\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u5c6c\u6027\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u5730\u5740<\/em> \u53ef\u4ee5\u62c6\u5206\u70ba <em>\u8857\u9053<\/em>, <em>\u57ce\u5e02<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca <em>\u90f5\u653f\u7de8\u78bc<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u503c\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u6b64\u5c6c\u6027\u64c1\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u503c\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u96fb\u8a71\u865f\u78bc<\/em> \u6216 <em>\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/em>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u96d9\u5713\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u884d\u751f\u5c6c\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u5c6c\u6027\u8a08\u7b97\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u5e74\u9f61<\/em> \u53ef\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u9805\u76ee\u63a8\u5c0e\u5f97\u51fa\uff1a<em>\u51fa\u751f\u65e5\u671f<\/em>\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6703\u5be6\u969b\u5132\u5b58\u4ee5\u7bc0\u7701\u7a7a\u9593\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.2 \u95dc\u9375\u5c6c\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c6c\u6027\u5728\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u4e3b\u8981\u985e\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u95dc\u9375\u985e\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n<th>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e3b\u8981\u9375<\/td>\n<td>\u552f\u4e00\u8b58\u5225\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b46\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u5ba2\u6236\u7de8\u865f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u90e8\u9375<\/td>\n<td>\u900f\u904e\u4e3b\u8981\u9375\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u683c\u9023\u7d50\u81f3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u8a02\u55ae\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u5728\u8a02\u55ae\u660e\u7d30\u4e2d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u552f\u4e00\u9375<\/td>\n<td>\u78ba\u4fdd\u7121\u91cd\u8907\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8a31\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u5730\u5740<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5019\u9078\u9375<\/td>\n<td>\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u9375\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u793e\u6703\u5b89\u5168\u865f\u78bc\u3001\u8b77\u7167\u865f\u78bc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>2.3 \u7a7a\u503c\u8207\u975e\u7a7a\u503c<\/h3>\n<p>\u7d04\u675f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5c6c\u6027\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4e00\u500b<em>\u975e\u7a7a<\/em>\u7d04\u675f\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u4e3b\u8981\u9375\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<em>\u7a7a\u503c<\/em> \u503c\u8868\u793a\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u4e2d\u8b39\u614e\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd17 \u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h2>\n<p>\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9023\u63a5\u8cc7\u6599\u9ede\u7684\u5546\u696d\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u5728ERD\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u9023\u63a5\u5be6\u9ad4\u77e9\u5f62\u7684\u83f1\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>3.1 \u57fa\u6578<\/h3>\n<p>\u57fa\u6578\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00 (1:1)\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4A\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u50c5\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4B\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u500b\u4eba<\/em> \u5230 <em>\u8b77\u7167<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a (1:N)\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4A\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4B\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u90e8\u9580<\/em> \u5230 <em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u5c0d\u591a (M:N)\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4A\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4B\u7684\u591a\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<em>\u5b78\u751f<\/em> \u5230 <em>\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/em>\u3002\u9019\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.2 \u53c3\u8207\u7d04\u675f<\/h3>\n<p>\u53c3\u8207\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5be6\u9ad4\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9808\u53c3\u8207\u67d0\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u9019\u901a\u5e38\u7a31\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5b8c\u5168\u53c3\u8207\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u5be6\u4f8b\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u53c3\u8207\u8a72\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ee5\u96d9\u7dda\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b<em>\u8a02\u55ae<\/em> \u5fc5\u9808\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u500b<em>\u5ba2\u6236<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u90e8\u5206\u53c3\u8207\uff1a<\/strong> \u67d0\u4e9b\u5be6\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u4ee5\u55ae\u4e00\u7dda\u689d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d <em>\u54e1\u5de5<\/em> \u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6c92\u6709 <em>\u914d\u5076<\/em> \u7684\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>3.3 \u95dc\u4fc2\u985e\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u6578\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u95dc\u4fc2\u9084\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u5176\u6027\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u5206\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u985e\u578b<\/th>\n<th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th>\n<th>\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8b58\u5225\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5f31\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5f37\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f86\u78ba\u5b9a\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u5b50\u5973\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u7236\u6bcd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u975e\u8b58\u5225\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u7d93\u7406\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u5de5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u905e\u6b78\u578b<\/td>\n<td>\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u81ea\u8eab\u76f8\u95dc\u3002<\/td>\n<td>\u54e1\u5de5\u76e3\u7763\u54e1\u5de5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcca \u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u7b26\u865f\u98a8\u683c<\/h2>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u908f\u8f2f\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u8996\u89ba\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u95b1\u8b80\u4e0d\u540c\u5718\u968a\u6240\u5275\u5efa\u7684\u5716\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1 \u9d3f\u8db3\u7b26\u865f\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u98a8\u683c\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7dda\u689d\u3001\u5713\u5708\u548c\u9d3f\u8db3\uff08\u4e09\u689d\u7dda\uff09\u7b49\u7b26\u865f\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u57fa\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u689d\u7dda\uff1a<\/strong>\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5713\u5708\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u9078\uff08\u96f6\u500b\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9d3f\u8db3\uff1a<\/strong> \u8a31\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.2 \u9673\u6c0f\u8a18\u865f<\/h3>\n<p>\u4ee5\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u9673\u547d\u540d\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u77e9\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u83f1\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6a62\u5713\u8868\u793a\u5c6c\u6027\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a18\u865f\u8f03\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5e38\u898b\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 UML \u985e\u5716<\/h3>\n<p>\u7d71\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8a9e\u8a00\uff08UML\uff09\u5716\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u4f3c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5c08\u70ba\u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u898b\u6027\u6a19\u793a\u7b26\uff08+\u3001-\u3001#\uff09\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6e05\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udee0\ufe0f \u7b2c\u4e94\u7d44\u4ef6\uff1a\u8cc7\u6599\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u8207\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u662f\u7d44\u7e54\u8cc7\u6599\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5197\u9918\u4e26\u63d0\u5347\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u662f\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u8f38\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.1 \u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u78ba\u4fdd\u503c\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u6709\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7fa4\u7d44\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff082NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u79fb\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u6240\u6709\u975e\u9375\u5c6c\u6027\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u6574\u500b\u4e3b\u9375\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff083NF\uff09\uff1a<\/strong>\u79fb\u9664\u50b3\u905e\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u975e\u9375\u5c6c\u6027\u4e0d\u61c9\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u9375\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>5.2 \u5c0d\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/h3>\n<p>\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u67e5\u8a62\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8996\u89ba\u5316\u9019\u7a2e\u6b0a\u8861\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9023\u63a5\uff08JOIN\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5b8c\u6574\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u26a0\ufe0f \u5e38\u898b\u9677\u9631<\/h2>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u4e5f\u6703\u72af\u932f\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6280\u8853\u8ca0\u50b5\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u540d\u7a31\u6a21\u7cca\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u50cf <em>\u8cc7\u6599<\/em> \u6216 <em>\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/em> \u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u6703\u8b93\u6a21\u578b\u96e3\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <em>\u4ea4\u6613\u8a18\u9304<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u907a\u6f0f\u57fa\u6578\uff1a<\/strong> \u5fd8\u8a18\u5b9a\u7fa9\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u53ef\u9078\u9084\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5faa\u74b0\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff1a<\/strong> \u5be6\u9ad4 A \u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc B\uff0c\u800c B \u53c8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc A\u3002\u9019\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u7121\u6cd5\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u5faa\u74b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u904e\u5ea6\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\uff1a<\/strong> \u5efa\u7acb\u904e\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u67e5\u8a62\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u6162\u3002\u9700\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u8207\u6548\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e4b\u9593\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5ffd\u8996\u696d\u52d9\u898f\u5247\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u500b\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u770b\u4f3c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5716\u8868\uff0c\u82e5\u672a\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\ude80 \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u52d9<\/h2>\n<p>\u9075\u5b88\u6a19\u6e96\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027\u8207\u5718\u968a\u5354\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>6.1 \u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6240\u6709\u540d\u7a31\u90fd\u61c9\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8907\u6578\u8207\u55ae\u6578\uff1a<\/strong> \u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e26\u5805\u6301\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>Customer<\/em> \u5c0d\u6bd4 <em>Customers<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e95\u7dda\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528 <em>snake_case<\/em> \u4f5c\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6b04\u4f4d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>customer_id<\/em>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u524d\u7f6e\u8a5e\uff1a<\/strong> \u6307\u793a\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u985e\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<em>tbl_<\/em> \u6216 <em>dim_<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6.2 \u6587\u4ef6\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>ERD \u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u8aaa\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5305\u542b\u8cc7\u6599\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u6bcf\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8a18\u9304\u7d04\u675f\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u898f\u5247\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u5716\u8868\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6.3 \u5be9\u67e5\u9031\u671f<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u540c\u5115\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u8981\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9a\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6280\u8853\u5be9\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u6aa2\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u8207\u9375\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u696d\u52d9\u5be9\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u7b26\u5408\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6548\u80fd\u5be9\u67e5\uff1a<\/strong> \u8a55\u4f30\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\u8207\u9023\u63a5\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\ud83d\udd0d \u5be6\u969b\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u500b\u7dda\u4e0a\u66f8\u5e97\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u5be6\u9ad4\u5c07\u662f<em>\u66f8\u7c4d<\/em>, <em>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/em>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<em>\u9867\u5ba2<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f8\u7c4d\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c6c\u6027\u5305\u62ec ISBN\uff08\u4e3b\u9375\uff09\u3001\u66f8\u540d\u8207\u50f9\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong> \u5c6c\u6027\u5305\u62ec\u4f5c\u8005\u7de8\u865f\uff08\u4e3b\u9375\uff09\u8207\u59d3\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u64b0\u5beb\u591a\u672c\u66f8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong> \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4<em>\u66f8\u7c4d_\u4f5c\u8005<\/em>\uff0c\u5305\u542b ISBN \u8207\u4f5c\u8005\u7de8\u865f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6b64\u7d50\u69cb\u5141\u8a31\u5f48\u6027\u8cc7\u6599\u8f38\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u9700\u70ba\u6bcf\u672c\u66f8\u91cd\u8907\u8f38\u5165\u4f5c\u8005\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\ud83d\udcc8 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