{"id":1618,"date":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T07:39:44","slug":"why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/tw\/why-your-erd-fails-poor-design-patterns\/","title":{"rendered":"\u70ba\u4f55\u4f60\u7684ERD\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e0d\u826f\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u5f0f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u7d19\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4f60\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u85cd\u5716\u3002\u7576\u9019\u5f35\u85cd\u5716\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u4fbf\u6703\u7e7c\u627f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u5f31\u9ede\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u7570\u5e38\u3001\u6548\u80fd\u74f6\u9838\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dad\u8b77\u4e0a\u7684\u5669\u5922\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5f9e\u96f6\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u5be6\u4f5c\u968e\u6bb5\u906d\u9047\u9023\u9396\u6027\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3002\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u5c11\u4f86\u81ea\u6280\u8853\u5806\u758a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u908f\u8f2f\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3ERD\u70ba\u4f55\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u8d8a\u7c21\u55ae\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u9019\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3001\u57fa\u6578\u3001\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u8a9e\u7fa9\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6aa2\u8996\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5256\u6790\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9677\u9631\u6703\u640d\u5bb3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u8aaa\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b83\u5011\u5f71\u97ff\u751f\u7522\u74b0\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8b58\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img alt=\"Charcoal sketch infographic illustrating 10 critical Entity Relationship Diagram design failures: ambiguous relationships, cardinality confusion, normalization traps, poor naming conventions, foreign key misconfigurations, performance implications, maintenance challenges, validation checklist, communication gaps, and pattern summary table. Visual features cracked ERD blueprint with warning symbols, relationship diagrams with correct\/incorrect patterns, balance scales for normalization, and three foundational pillars labeled Clarity, Integrity, and Maintainability supporting database stability.\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/erd-design-failures-infographic-charcoal-sketch-16x9-1.jpg\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2>1. \u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027 \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u5f35ERD\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5b83\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u8cc7\u6599\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5931\u6557\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\u3002\u7576\u95dc\u4fc2\u672a\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u5fc5\u9808\u63a8\u6e2c\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u5c0e\u81f4\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u96b1\u542b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u660e\u78ba\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h3>\n<p>\u660e\u78ba\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u900f\u904e\u5916\u9375\u8207\u7d04\u675f\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u3002\u96b1\u542b\u95dc\u4fc2\u5247\u4f9d\u8cf4\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5206\u96e2\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u500b\u7a31\u70ba\u300c<strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7f3a\u53e3\u300d\u7684\u5f31\u9ede<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u660e\u78ba\u7684\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u82e5\u522a\u9664\u4e00\u7b46\u8a18\u9304\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8a18\u9304\u6703\u6839\u64da\u9810\u5b9a\u898f\u5247\uff08CASCADE\u3001SET NULL\uff09\u9032\u884c\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u96b1\u542b\u7684\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u82e5\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5931\u6548\u6216\u88ab\u8df3\u904e\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u7576\u4f60\u7684\u5716\u8868\u672a\u6e05\u695a\u6a19\u793a\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u5074\u6301\u6709\u5916\u9375\u6642\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5c31\u6703\u505a\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u968a\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u9375\u653e\u5728Table A\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5718\u968a\u5247\u653e\u5728Table B\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u5faa\u74b0\u4f9d\u8cf4\u8207\u67e5\u8a62\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u907a\u5931\u7684\u57fa\u6578\u6a19\u7c64<\/h3>\n<p>\u6c92\u6709\u57fa\u6578\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u731c\u6e2c\u3002\u57fa\u6578\u660e\u78ba\u6307\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6216\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u5c11\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u82e5\u7f3a\u5c11\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u7c64\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316\u5668\u6703\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff1a<\/strong> \u7cfb\u7d71\u7121\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5224\u65b7\u9023\u63a5\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u8cc7\u6599\u9a57\u8b49\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u300c<em>NOT NULL\u300d\u7b49\u7d04\u675f\u6703\u88ab\u932f\u8aa4\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong> \u5546\u696d\u908f\u8f2f\u6703\u5931\u6548\uff1a<\/strong> \u300c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u64c1\u6709\u96f6\u7b46\u300c\u8a02\u55ae\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5546\u696d\u898f\u5247\u8981\u6c42\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u7b46\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. \u57fa\u6578\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1a\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\u9677\u9631 \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n<p>\u57fa\u6578\u932f\u8aa4\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u968e\u6bb5\u8aa4\u89e3\u5546\u696d\u898f\u5247\u3002\u6df7\u6dc6\u7d93\u5e38\u767c\u751f\u5728\u300c\u4e00\u5c0d\u4e00\uff081:1\uff09\u300d\u3001\u300c\u4e00\u5c0d\u591a\uff081:N\uff09\u300d\u8207\u300c\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\uff08M:N\uff09\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1:1\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u5197\u9918<\/h3>\n<p>\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u5efa\u6a211:1\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5197\u9918\u3002\u82e5\u5169\u500b\u8868\u683c\u64c1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u9375\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u5e38\u61c9\u88ab\u522a\u9664\u6216\u5408\u4f75\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u60c5\u5883<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u6b63\u78ba\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4e0d\u826f\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u54e1\u5de5\u8207\u5b89\u5168\u5fbd\u7ae0<\/td>\n<td>\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff0c\u542b\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6b04\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td>\u5169\u500b\u4ee5 1:1 \u95dc\u806f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7522\u54c1\u8207\u50f9\u683c\u6b77\u53f2<\/td>\n<td>\u542b\u6642\u9593\u6233\u8a18\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u8868<\/td>\n<td>\u5169\u500b\u4ee5 1:1 \u95dc\u806f\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u8868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0d\u826f\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u9700\u9023\u7d50\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u78ba\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u6703\u5171\u7f6e\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11 I\/O \u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>1:N \u95dc\u806f\u8207\u5916\u9375<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u662f\u6a19\u6e96\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5916\u9375\u7684\u653e\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5916\u9375\u61c9\u4f4d\u65bc\u300c\u591a\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6b63\u78ba\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u8a02\u55ae<\/code> \u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u5305\u542b <code>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005ID<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u932f\u8aa4\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/code> \u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u7d44 <code>\u8a02\u55aeID<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5c07\u4e00\u7d44 ID \u5132\u5b58\u5728\u55ae\u4e00\u6b04\u4f4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc4\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09\u3002\u9019\u6703\u8feb\u4f7f\u9032\u884c\u5b57\u4e32\u89e3\u6790\u6216\u8907\u96dc\u7684 JSON \u8655\u7406\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6548\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e26\u963b\u6b62\u6a19\u6e96\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u8207\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4<\/h3>\n<p>\u591a\u5c0d\u591a\u95dc\u806f\u7121\u6cd5\u50c5\u900f\u904e\u4efb\u4e00\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u55ae\u4e00\u5916\u9375\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u806f\u5be6\u9ad4\uff08\u6a4b\u63a5\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e38\u898b\u5931\u6557\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ffd\u7565\u6a4b\u63a5\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u76f4\u63a5\u9023\u7d50\u5169\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f60\u5c07\u5931\u53bb\u5728\u95dc\u806f\u672c\u8eab\u5132\u5b58\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u500b <em>\u5b78\u751f<\/em> \u8207\u4e00\u500b <em>\u8ab2\u7a0b<\/em>\u95dc\u4fc2\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u7e3e\u3002\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u55ae\u7368\u5c07\u6210\u7e3e\u5b58\u5132\u5728\u5b78\u751f\u8868\u6216\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8868\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u6b63\u898f\u5316\u8207\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u9677\u9631 \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n<p>\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u908f\u8f2f\u8868\u683c\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u5197\u9918\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u904e\u5ea6\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u672a\u5145\u5206\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u6703\u7522\u751f\u66f4\u65b0\u7570\u5e38\u3002\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861\u9ede\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6280\u8853\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u66f4\u65b0\u7570\u5e38<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u6578\u64da\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5730\u65b9\u5b58\u5132\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u4f86\u6e90\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u6578\u64da\u5c31\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u98a8\u96aa\u91cd\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u63d2\u5165\u7570\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5916\u9375\uff0c\u4f60\u7121\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u8a18\u9304\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u65b0\u7570\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u66f4\u6539\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u4f46\u672a\u66f4\u6539\u53e6\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6578\u64da\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u522a\u9664\u7570\u5e38\uff1a<\/strong> \u522a\u9664\u8a18\u9304\u6642\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u6703\u522a\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u5b58\u5132\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u4f55\u6642\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u523b\u610f\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u8b80\u53d6\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u61c9\u6210\u70ba\u9810\u8a2d\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u624d\u5408\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8b80\u53d6\u983b\u7387<\/strong> \u660e\u986f\u9ad8\u65bc\u5beb\u5165\u983b\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u9023\u63a5\u6210\u672c<\/strong> \u56e0\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u904e\u5927\u800c\u96e3\u4ee5\u627f\u53d7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u5831\u8868\u9700\u6c42<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u9810\u5148\u805a\u5408\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u7d93\u5e38\u904e\u65e9\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u6578\u64da\u6f02\u79fb\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f86\u6e90\u6578\u64da\u767c\u751f\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u898f\u5316\u7684\u526f\u672c\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u6216\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6545\u969c\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. \u547d\u540d\u898f\u7bc4\u8207\u8a9e\u7fa9 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u88ab\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u9060\u591a\u65bc\u88ab\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u3002\u5982\u679c\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u64d4\u6703\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u8a9e\u7fa9\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u901a\u7528\u540d\u7a31<\/h3>\n<p>\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u540d\u7a31<code>Table1<\/code>, <code>Column_A<\/code>\uff0c\u6216<code>Data<\/code> \u4e26\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002\u9019\u8feb\u4f7f\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u67e5\u770b\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u597d\uff1a<\/strong> <code>\u8a02\u55ae\u9805\u76ee<\/code>, <code>\u4ea4\u6613\u65e5\u671f<\/code>, <code>\u5ba2\u6236\u8cc7\u6599<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u55ae\u6578\u8207\u8907\u6578\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/h3>\n<p>\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u597d\u4f7f\u7528\u55ae\u6578\u8868\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5247\u504f\u597d\u8907\u6578\u3002\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/code>, <code>\u8a02\u55ae<\/code>, <code>\u7522\u54c1<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/code>, <code>\u8a02\u55ae<\/code>, <code>\u7522\u54c1<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u67e5\u8a62\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u9810\u6e2c\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u5247\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u5c64\u624b\u52d5\u5c0d\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5b57<code>\u8a02\u55ae<\/code>, <code>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/code>\uff0c\u6216<code>\u7fa4\u7d44<\/code>\u4f5c\u70ba\u8868\u540d\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8b58\u5225\u7b26\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8f49\u7fa9\u5b57\u5143\uff0c\u4f7f\u67e5\u8a62\u66f4\u96e3\u95b1\u8b80\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>5. \u5916\u9375\u9677\u9631 \ud83d\udd11<\/h2>\n<p>\u5916\u9375\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u932f\u8aa4\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u672c\u7bc0\u63a2\u8a0e\u5916\u9375\u5be6\u73fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u81ea\u5f15\u7528\u9375<\/h3>\n<p>\u905e\u6b78\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u500b<code>\u54e1\u5de5<\/code>\u7ba1\u7406\u53e6\u4e00\u540d<code>\u54e1\u5de5<\/code>\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u6307\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u5f35\u8868\u7684\u5916\u9375\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7d04\u675f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u7121\u9650\u5faa\u74b0\u6216\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u554f\u984c\uff1a<\/strong>\u5141\u8a31\u522a\u9664\u7d93\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u8655\u7406\u5176\u4e0b\u5c6c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/strong>\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9<code>CASCADE<\/code>\u6216<code>SET NULL<\/code>\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8907\u5408\u9375<\/h3>\n<p>\u8907\u5408\u9375\uff08\u591a\u500b\u6b04\u4f4d\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u9375\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u5f37\u5927\u4f46\u537b\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b50\u8868\u5f15\u7528\u8907\u5408\u9375\uff0c\u5b50\u8868\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u542b\u7236\u9375\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6b04\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5931\u6557\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong> \u5982\u679c\u7236\u9375\u8b8a\u66f4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7136\u9375\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\uff0c\u5b50\u8868\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u591a\u500b\u8cc7\u6599\u5217\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u9019\u4ee3\u50f9\u9ad8\u6602\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u7af6\u722d\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u53ef\u70ba\u7a7a\u7684\u5916\u9375<\/h3>\n<p>\u5916\u9375\u6b04\u4f4d\u50c5\u7576\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u53ef\u9078\u6642\u624d\u61c9\u5141\u8a31\u70ba\u7a7a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u5fc5\u586b\uff0c\u8a72\u6b04\u4f4d\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba<code>NOT NULL<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b66\u544a\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>NULL<\/code>\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u300c\u7121\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\u6703\u4f7f SQL \u67e5\u8a62\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u67e5\u8a62\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u6aa2\u67e5<code>IS NULL<\/code>\u6216<code>\u4e0d\u70ba\u7a7a<\/code>\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6. \u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0d\u826f\u7684ERD\u4e0d\u50c5\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u8cc7\u6599\u932f\u8aa4\uff1b\u9084\u6703\u9020\u6210\u6548\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u5132\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u8207\u67e5\u8a62\u57f7\u884c\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u908f\u8f2f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5f8c\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7d22\u5f15\u788e\u7247\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u5916\u9375\u672a\u88ab\u7d22\u5f15\u6642\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\u6703\u57f7\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8868\u683c\u6383\u63cf\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u53c3\u8003\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8cc7\u6599\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u986f\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u9023\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9023\u63a5\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u9023\u63a5\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u9023\u63a5\u90fd\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8a08\u7b97\u958b\u92b7\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8a62\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5be6\u8cc7\u6599\u8868\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u661f\u578b\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u512a\u65bc\u9ad8\u5ea6\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7684\u96ea\u82b1\u578b\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u9396\u7af6\u722d<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ad8\u5ea6\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9396\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u963b\u585e\u8207\u903e\u6642\u3002\u7a0d\u5fae\u53bb\u898f\u7bc4\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u9396\u5b9a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5217\u6578\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>7. \u7dad\u8b77\u5669\u5922 \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684ERD\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u672c\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u9010\u6f38\u986f\u73fe\u3002\u7dad\u8b77\u6b63\u662f\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u5931\u6557\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7d50\u69cb\u6f14\u9032<\/h3>\n<p>\u7576\u9700\u6c42\u8b8a\u66f4\u6642\uff0c\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u5f88\u96e3\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u4fc2\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u522a\u9664\u8868\u683c\u3001\u9077\u79fb\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u5beb\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u5177\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u80fd\u9810\u898b\u8b8a\u66f4\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong> \u70ba\u5148\u524d\u672a\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u65b0\u589e\u4e00\u500b\u5c6c\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/strong> \u9700\u8981\u57f7\u884cALTER TABLE\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u8868\u683c\u9396\u5b9a\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u8cc7\u6599\u9077\u79fb<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6a19ERD\u8207\u4f86\u6e90\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u79fb\u52d5\u5c07\u5177\u6709\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u6578\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9077\u79fb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8cc7\u6599\u907a\u5931\u6216\u91cd\u8907\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>8. \u9a57\u8b49\u6e05\u55ae \u2705<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u6700\u7d42\u78ba\u5b9aERD\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u57f7\u884c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u5be9\u6838\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u6e05\u55ae\u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u7f3a\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6240\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u660e\u78ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff1f<\/strong> \u6aa2\u67e5\u96b1\u542b\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6240\u6709\u7dda\u689d\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u6a19\u793a\u4e86\u57fa\u6578\uff1f<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd1:1\u30011:N\u6216M:N\u95dc\u4fc2\u6e05\u6670\u660e\u78ba\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u9375\u662f\u5426\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u7a69\u5b9a\uff1f<\/strong> \u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u7d93\u5e38\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9375\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5916\u9375\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7d22\u5f15\uff1f<\/strong> \u9a57\u8b49\u9023\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u9032\u884c\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\uff1f<\/strong> \u78ba\u4fdd\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u7570\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u540d\u6163\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\uff1f<\/strong> \u6aa2\u67e5\u55ae\u8907\u6578\u6df7\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u662f\u5426\u907f\u958b\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57\uff1f<\/strong> \u8207\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\u6e05\u55ae\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u5c0d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6709\u905e\u8ff4\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u898f\u5283\uff1f<\/strong> \u5b9a\u7fa9\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>9. \u4eba\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u6e9d\u901a \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\uff0cERD \u7684\u5931\u6557\u4e26\u975e\u6280\u8853\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e9d\u901a\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5716\u8868\u662f\u5546\u696d\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u8207\u6280\u8853\u5718\u968a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5408\u7d04\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u5546\u696d\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u5546\u696d\u898f\u5247\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u500b\u5730\u5740\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5716\u8868\u986f\u793a\u7684\u662f 1:1 \u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u5c07\u62d2\u7d55\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5546\u696d\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u5716\u8868\u5fc5\u9808\u53cd\u6620\u5546\u696d\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236<\/h3>\n<p>\u8207\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u82e5\u7121\u6cd5\u8ffd\u8e64\u8b8a\u66f4\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5be9\u8a08\u95dc\u4fc2\u88ab\u65b0\u589e\u6216\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9019\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u300c\u90e8\u843d\u77e5\u8b58\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u55ae\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>10. \u95dc\u9375\u6a21\u5f0f\u7e3d\u7d50 \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n<p>\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8cc7\u6599\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4\u53ca\u5176\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u6aa2\u8996\u3002<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<tr>\n<th><strong>\u932f\u8aa4\u985e\u5225<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u75c7\u72c0<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>\u4fee\u6b63<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u907a\u6f0f\u7684\u57fa\u6578<\/td>\n<td>\u8cc7\u6599\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba<\/td>\n<td>\u65b0\u589e\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a19\u7c64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5916\u9375\u653e\u7f6e\u932f\u8aa4<\/td>\n<td>\u5faa\u74b0\u4f9d\u8cf4<\/td>\n<td>\u5c07\u9375\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u300c\u591a\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u65b9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u904e\u5ea6\u6a19\u6e96\u5316<\/td>\n<td>\u67e5\u8a62\u901f\u5ea6\u6162\uff0cJOIN \u904e\u591a<\/td>\n<td>\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u53cd\u6a19\u6e96\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u4e0d\u8db3<\/td>\n<td>\u8cc7\u6599\u91cd\u8907\u3001\u7570\u5e38<\/td>\n<td>\u61c9\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u898f\u5247<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u4f73<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ca0\u8377<\/td>\n<td>\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u547d\u540d\u6a19\u6e96<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4fdd\u7559\u5b57<\/td>\n<td>\u8a9e\u6cd5\u932f\u8aa4<\/td>\n<td>\u4f7f\u7528\u5225\u540d\u6216\u8f49\u7fa9\u5b57\u7b26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2>11. \u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\u5411\u524d\u9081\u9032 \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n<p>\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5e73\u8861\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u7d30\u5fc3\u5be9\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u900f\u904e\u907f\u514d\u672c\u6307\u5357\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8acb\u8a18\u4f4f\uff0c\u5716\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u6d3b\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5b83\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u696d\u52d9\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u6f14\u8b8a\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u5be9\u67e5\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u8a2d\u8a08\u59cb\u7d42\u8207\u5be6\u969b\u904b\u71df\u60c5\u6cc1\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u5c07ERD\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u61c9\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u60a8\u8cc7\u6599\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u67b6\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u6e05\u6670\u6027\u3002\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u53ef\u7dad\u8b77\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u652f\u67f1\u5c07\u9632\u6b62\u8a31\u591a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u5931\u6557\u3002\u7576\u60a8\u5c07\u8a2d\u8a08\u908f\u8f2f\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u5feb\u901f\u5be6\u73fe\u6642\uff0c\u60a8\u5c07\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u7bc0\u7701\u7121\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\u7684\u9664\u932f\u8207\u91cd\u69cb\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82b1\u6642\u9593\u9a57\u8b49\u60a8\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6aa2\u67e5\u60a8\u7684\u9375\u503c\u3002\u5be9\u67e5\u60a8\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u3002\u60a8\u73fe\u5728\u6295\u5165\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c07\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u70ba\u7cfb\u7d71\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u5e36\u4f86\u56de\u5831\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u826f\u597d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u904b\u4f5c\u6642\u662f\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u5b83\u5931\u6557\u6642\u5247\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5be6\u9ad4\u95dc\u4fc2\u5716\uff08ERD\uff09\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u7d19\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4f60\u8cc7\u6599\u57fa\u790e\u67b6\u69cb\u7684\u85cd&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u70ba\u4f55\u60a8\u7684ERD\u6703\u5931\u6557\uff1a\u5e38\u898b\u8a2d\u8a08\u9677\u9631\u89e3\u6790 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