{"id":1527,"date":"2026-03-29T00:02:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T00:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/first-step-database-design-solid-erd\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T00:02:40","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T00:02:40","slug":"first-step-database-design-solid-erd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/first-step-database-design-solid-erd\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: C\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u00f5 m\u00e3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u1ef1c quan ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – Quan h\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ERD. B\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ch\u1ecdc tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1eefng khe n\u1ee9t s\u1ebd l\u1ed9 ra. \ud83e\uddf1<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 logic c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho hay d\u1eef li\u1ec7u giao d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 – Quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t ERD l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ‘\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec’ (th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1eadt l\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c logic cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • D\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng tin \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  • L\u1ed7i to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ERD, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \ud83e\udd1d<\/p>\n

    B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \ud83c\udfe2<\/h2>\n

    C\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 logic<\/h3>\n

    Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m logic. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u201cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 logic. M\u1ed9t \u201cV\u1eadt th\u1ec3\u201d c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong kho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 logic, theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong>Duy\u1ec7t qua t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb vi\u1ebft hoa.<\/li>\n
    • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n? Ai tham gia?<\/li>\n
    • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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      • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> Ai \u0111ang mua h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c?<\/li>\n
      • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng:<\/strong> H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 giao d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n
      • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong> M\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean:<\/strong> Ai qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng?<\/li>\n
      • V\u1ecb tr\u00ed:<\/strong> H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

        T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean s\u1ed1 \u00edt, s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00f9ng \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cKhch\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nKhuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/td>\nPascalCase ho\u1eb7c snake_case<\/td>\nCustomerRecord ho\u1eb7c customer_record<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        S\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt cho b\u1ea3ng<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\nTr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u00ean chung chung<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

        Sau khi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang:<\/p>\n

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        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u00e3 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh suy ra:<\/strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb Ng\u00e0y sinh).<\/li>\n
        • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh: C\u00e1i neo \ud83d\udd11<\/h3>\n

          Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (PK) l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi trong b\u1ea3ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sinh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t UUID.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t khi ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f3a:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro; s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ID an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfm khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t D\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

            C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

            C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B.<\/li>\n
            2. M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B.<\/li>\n
            3. Many-to-Many (M:N):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Entiti A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Entiti B.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ebfn-Nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

              Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ebfn-Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng giao nhau). Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y chia m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M:N th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ebfn-Nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

              V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia nhi\u1ec1u Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u Sinh vi\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/em>th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u01b0u tr\u1eef M\u00e3 Sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 M\u00e3 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 (nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1).<\/p>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Cardinality v\u00e0 Modality \ud83d\udd22<\/h2>\n

              Cardinality x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Modality x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn (m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c). Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

              K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Cardinality<\/h3>\n

              K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c quan gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • M\u1ed9t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang (-).<\/li>\n
              • Nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 (\u221e) ho\u1eb7c ba nh\u00e1nh.<\/li>\n
              • T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (\u25cb) cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
              • B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n cho th\u1ea5y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham gia<\/h3>\n

                Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 tham gia l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Tham gia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9:<\/strong> M\u1ecdi Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i<\/em>c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c)<\/li>\n
                • Tham gia m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/em>c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng. (T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Modality sai d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb null, logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh logic, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

                  D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng “S\u1edf th\u00edch” ch\u1ee9a “\u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, \u0110i b\u1ed9, L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh”, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng “S\u1edf th\u00edch” ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

                  D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

                  Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

                  D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

                  Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong b\u1ea3ng “Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean”, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef “Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1” d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean “OfficeID”, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang “OfficeID” v\u00e0 “Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1” v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng “V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng”.<\/p>\n

                  ERD gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ee3i \u00fd s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ERD c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft SQL. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n

                  Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                  Sai l\u1ea7m<\/th>\nH\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/th>\nGi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                  Thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nD\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00f4 l\u1eadp<\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/td>\nC\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\nC\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  B\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nT\u1ed1n k\u00e9m l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i<\/td>\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Ng\u00e0y, S\u1ed1, V\u0103n b\u1ea3n) t\u1eeb s\u1edbm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u1ee9ng<\/td>\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                  Kh\u00f3a y\u1ebfu<\/td>\nKh\u00f3 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f3a l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                  T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udcc4<\/h2>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1ed9t khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                  X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                  Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kinh doanh v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng \u201cM\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd sau 30 ng\u00e0y\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi logic.<\/p>\n

                  Kh\u1ea3 thi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

                  Xem x\u00e9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                  Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                  Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ebfm khi di\u1ec5n ra theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh thay \u0111\u1ed5i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                  Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

                  Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u00e0 t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                  Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

                  Khi s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Lu\u00f4n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                  C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y \ud83d\udd8a\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy ngh\u0129 ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t khi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c b\u00fat v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a, v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng hay gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                  M\u1ed9t khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                  Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83c\udf1f<\/h2>\n

                  X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 logic. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3. Nh\u00ecn xa h\u01a1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

                  T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean chu\u1ea9n. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u kinh doanh v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c g\u00f5 m\u00e3 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1528,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[84,87],"class_list":["post-1527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3a.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/first-step-database-design-solid-erd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. 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