{"id":1547,"date":"2026-03-27T05:15:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T05:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/what-is-an-erd-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T05:15:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T05:15:13","slug":"what-is-an-erd-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/what-is-an-erd-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u1eddi hoa d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u1ede trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ERD. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (b\u1ea3ng), thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (c\u1ed9t) v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (li\u00ean k\u1ebft) gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi hoa m\u1ef9 hay qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

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\"Whimsical<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ERD \ud83d\udd28<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng. M\u1ed7i ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb ba kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, \u201cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cFirstName\u201d, \u201cLastName\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cEmail\u201d. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng mang nh\u00e3n ch\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mua g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u00f3. ERD s\u1ebd l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    T\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cBao nhi\u00eau?\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:M):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web.<\/li>\n
    • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i truy v\u1ea5n sau n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u sai th\u00e0nh M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u01b0 th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/th>\nTri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/td>\nNh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebb ID<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:M)<\/td>\nPh\u00f2ng ban \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng \u201cNhi\u1ec1u\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Nhi\u1ec1u (M:N)<\/td>\nT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u00e1ch<\/td>\nB\u1ea3ng giao nhau v\u1edbi hai kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

      Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n chim:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u00ednh cardinality. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u201cm\u1ed9t\u201d, trong khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ba nh\u00e1nh (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n chim) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u201cnhi\u1ec1u\u201d.<\/li>\n
      • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch c\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh elip \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. D\u00f9 \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch khi nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169.<\/li>\n
      • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp UML:<\/strong> C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ERD nh\u01b0ng t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay v\u00ec l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb (+, -, #) v\u1ed1n \u00edt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, h\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n giao \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

        Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \ud83e\uddf9<\/h2>\n

        Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng ERD ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

        D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhanh ba d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef danh s\u00e1ch trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
        • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 1NF. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
        • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng 2NF. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng\u201d v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u201cT\u00ean_ng\u01b0\u1eddi_d\u00f9ng\u201d, \u201cEmail_ng\u01b0\u1eddi_d\u00f9ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cT\u00ean_ph\u00f2ng_ban\u201d, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang vi ph\u1ea1m 3NF. T\u00ean ph\u00f2ng ban ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ph\u00f2ng ban, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cPh\u00f2ng ban\u201d ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          T\u1ea1o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb trang tr\u1ed1ng sang m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac? H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

          1. Thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

          Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u201cT\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1 theo Khu v\u1ef1c\u201d, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cKhu v\u1ef1c\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u201cDoanh s\u1ed1\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

          2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

          Li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. \u201c\u0110\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u201c\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d m\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

          3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

          G\u00e1n thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cho t\u1eebng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh. Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh (PK) l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh duy nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i (FK) l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

          4. Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

          V\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c hay t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

          5. X\u00e1c minh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

          \u0110i\u1ec3m qua lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00f3a t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ra sao? S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

          Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y th\u00ec d\u1ec5. Tri\u1ec3n khai r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00ec kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i m\u00e0 A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi B, B li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi C, v\u00e0 C quay l\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \u201cUser_ID\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cUserID\u201d. Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. D\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, trong khi camelCase ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
          • Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c khi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ghi.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ecf qua ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cNg\u00e0y\u201d kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cChu\u1ed7i\u201d. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd \u0111\u00fang ki\u1ec3u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c \ud83c\udd9a<\/h2>\n

            D\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng logic ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh thoi cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
            • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ea5p cao. Ch\u00fang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kinh doanh thay v\u00ec chi ti\u1ebft tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

              B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

              M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u ch\u00fang v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao.<\/li>\n
              • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u1ef1c quan, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Th\u00eam ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
              • V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u201d c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m n\u0103m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u2705<\/h2>\n

                S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng tin k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng SQL n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch. N\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

                T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc gi\u1eef cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trung th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft. Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd theo \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"ERD l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 DBA \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. 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