{"id":1553,"date":"2026-03-27T00:23:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T00:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/how-to-build-first-erd-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-27T00:23:38","modified_gmt":"2026-03-27T00:23:38","slug":"how-to-build-first-erd-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/how-to-build-first-erd-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhanh t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, kh\u00f3 truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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\"Marker-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m A \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m B, ERD gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/p>\n

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  • To\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Giao ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan.<\/li>\n
  • Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p s\u1edbm, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
  • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e9p c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a ERD<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed9p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. M\u1ecdi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3mKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, ho\u1eb7cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>.<\/li>\n
    • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9tKh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3mT\u00ean<\/em>, Email<\/em>, v\u00e0 S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i<\/em>.<\/li>\n
    • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

      C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. Hai phong c\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot. Trong khi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh thoi th\u00ec k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Crow\u2019s Foot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      H\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0Sinh vi\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00ecnh elip<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh elip k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbiSinh vi\u00ean<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n l\u00e0ID<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00ecnh thoi<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh thoi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1iSinh vi\u00ean<\/strong>v\u00e0Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u Crow\u2019s Foot<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 ra \u201cNhi\u1ec1u\u201d (M)<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01a1n<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 ra \u201cM\u1ed9t\u201d (1)<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      H\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 ra tham gia t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

      Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. L\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

      B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \ud83d\udce6<\/h3>\n

      Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y xem t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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      • Duy\u1ec7t t\u00ecm c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 S\u00e1ch, Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean, M\u01b0\u1ee3n, v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
      • Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em> ho\u1eb7c Ki\u1ec3m tra<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1eef t\u00ednh chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9Kh\u00e1chH\u00e0ng<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/em> n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Danh s\u00e1ch v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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        • S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/li>\n
        • Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

          Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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          • Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ID (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 CustomerID<\/code>, ProductID<\/code>). N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n ghi.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Product<\/em>, bao g\u1ed3m Name<\/em>, Price<\/em>, v\u00e0 StockQuantity<\/em>.<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i:<\/strong> Nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh sau trong b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 TotalPrice<\/em>). T\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \ud83d\udd17<\/h3>\n

            B\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1ea1n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. B\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

              \n
            • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> T\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n<\/em>, Ch\u1ee9a<\/em>, Cung c\u1ea5p<\/em>.<\/li>\n
            • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u hay hai chi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B, v\u00e0 B li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn C, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra xem A c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn C hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: X\u00e1c l\u1eadp cardinality v\u00e0 tham gia \ud83d\udccf<\/h3>\n

              Cardinality x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cardinality<\/h4>\n
                \n
              • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Th\u1ebb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
              • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/li>\n
              • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nhi\u1ec1u H\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham gia<\/h4>\n
                  \n
                • B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ecdi \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                • T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tham gia. M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 giao h\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 thanh to\u00e1n t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  L\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng giao nhau (ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi H\u1ecdc sinh v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0\u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/em>li\u00ean k\u1ebft StudentID v\u00e0 CourseID.<\/p>\n

                  B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \ud83e\uddf9<\/h3>\n

                  Sau khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch hay m\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
                  • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i qu\u00e1 d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF) cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ea3n ghi g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                    • Lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn cent.<\/li>\n
                    • Qu\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn truy v\u1ea5n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
                    • B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y ch\u1eef hoa ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ch\u1eef hoa ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng.email@domain.com<\/em> kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbiEMAIL@DOMAIN.COM<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                    • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh l\u01b0u m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b01<\/code> ho\u1eb7c2<\/code> m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0\u0110ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>, Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>, \u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t cho Quy T\u1eafc \u0110\u1eb7t T\u00ean \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                      T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Danh t\u1eeb S\u1ed1 \u00edt:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng theo d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 \u00edt (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> thay v\u00ec Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>).<\/li>\n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng D\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi:<\/strong>T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00ean_kh\u00e1ch_h\u00e0ng<\/code> thay v\u00ec t\u00eankh\u00e1chh\u00e0ng<\/code>).<\/li>\n
                      • Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c Nh\u00f3m<\/em> l\u00e0m t\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi c\u00fa ph\u00e1p SQL.<\/li>\n
                      • Tr\u1edf n\u00ean M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. id_kh\u00e1ch_h\u00e0ng<\/code> l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng id_kh\u00e1ch_h\u00e0ng<\/code> l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                      • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a Ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: tbl_<\/code> ho\u1eb7c ref_<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

                        Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Ch\u00e8n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi).<\/li>\n
                        • S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9).<\/li>\n
                        • X\u00f3a:<\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb x\u00f3a? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: X\u00f3a cascading so v\u1edbi H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf).<\/li>\n
                        • Truy v\u1ea5n:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: G\u1ed9p b\u1ea3ng Order v\u00e0 Customer).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                          M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ebd tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 s\u1ed1 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sinh m\u00e3 SQL t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi ch\u1ecdn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, h\u00e3y t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ERD chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t sang t\u1eadp l\u1ec7nh SQL, PNG ho\u1eb7c PDF kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                          • T\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u2753<\/h2>\n

                            D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t ra khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                            1. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft SQL tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea1o ERD kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

                            Kh\u00f4ng. ERD l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft SQL. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 SQL n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n vi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                            2. ERD c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

                            C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ERD sau khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                            3. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ERD logic v\u00e0 ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • ERD logic:<\/strong> T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                            • ERD v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              4. C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u?<\/h3>\n

                              Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                              5. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

                              ERD ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00e0nh cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb, c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                              Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                              X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a logic th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                              B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1ecf. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. Khi t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

                              H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ERD v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong tay, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udcca","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ERD t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \ud83d\uddc4\ufe0f","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[84,87],"class_list":["post-1553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ERD \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udcca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ERD t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. 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