{"id":1567,"date":"2026-03-26T05:48:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T05:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/from-requirements-to-erd-practical-translation-process\/"},"modified":"2026-03-26T05:48:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T05:48:26","slug":"from-requirements-to-erd-practical-translation-process","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/from-requirements-to-erd-practical-translation-process\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: M\u1ed9t Qu\u00e1 Tr\u00ecnh D\u1ecbch Chuy\u1ec3n Th\u1ef1c T\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh doanh v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh logic d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 (ERD) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn ERD cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

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\"Child's<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. Hi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ea7u V\u00e0o: Thu Th\u1eadp v\u00e0 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t ra\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>v\u00e0t\u1ea1i sao<\/em>tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/em>.<\/p>\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh C\u00e1c Quy Tr\u00ecnh Kinh Doanh<\/h3>\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u1eafng nghe nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd logistics c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i,\u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o.\u201d<\/strong> C\u00e2u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 khung th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

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  • Ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n C\u00e1c B\u00ean Li\u00ean Quan:<\/strong> L\u00ean l\u1ecbch c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea5p cao th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/li>\n
  • Ghi Ch\u00e9p C\u00e1c Quy T\u1eafc:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. \u201cM\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/em> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng.<\/li>\n
  • Xem x\u00e9t C\u00e1c H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Hi\u1ec7n C\u00f3:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u0169. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng? Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng So V\u1edbi Y\u00eau C\u1ea7u S\u1ed1 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng nhau. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

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    • Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y sinh hay ng\u00e0y giao d\u1ecbch? M\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i duy nh\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd?<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea3n ghi? Th\u1eddi gian l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, coi s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i k\u00fd t\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng coi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

      2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

      Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnhc\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm danh t\u1eeb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ecdc ra nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

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      • Danh t\u1eeb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>, S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>, H\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n<\/em>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
      • Danh t\u1eeb ng\u1ea7m:<\/strong> \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea9n trong \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.\u201cGiao m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m.\u201d<\/em> \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,D\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/em> v\u00e0Nh\u00f3m<\/em> l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3.Vi\u1ec7c giao<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang (nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y giao).<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/em>, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em> (theo ngh\u0129a chung chung), ho\u1eb7c D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em> th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u00e3y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/em> hay m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch<\/em>?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh<\/strong>. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hay m\u1ed9t UUID, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng danh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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        • Kh\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c S\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n).<\/li>\n
        • Kh\u00f3a thay th\u1ebf:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/strong>. ID nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f3a hay kh\u00f4ng, hay s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa T\u00ean v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ban c\u00f3 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ID duy nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p.<\/p>\n

          3. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p, th\u00ec C\u00e1c Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n tr\u00ean h\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n

          Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra.<\/p>\n

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          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng<\/em> cho m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng).<\/li>\n
          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Email ph\u1ee5<\/em> cho m\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng).<\/li>\n
          • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra:<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:Tu\u1ed5i<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eebNg\u00e0y sinh<\/em>). Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ERD mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u l\u01b0u tr\u1eef gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/th>\nKi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/th>\nL\u00fd do<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            T\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/td>\nVARCHAR \/ V\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u00fd t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3<\/td>\nNguy\u00ean \/ Th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n<\/td>\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e9p to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ng\u00e0y, Gi\u1edd<\/td>\nNg\u00e0y \/ Ng\u00e0y-Gi\u1edd<\/td>\nCho ph\u00e9p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            C\u1edd C\u00f3\/Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>\nBoolean<\/td>\nL\u00f4gic r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang\/sai.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn<\/td>\nBLOB \/ Tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ec7p<\/td>\nL\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ngo\u00e0i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

            Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tr\u00e1nh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0Phone_1, Phone_2, Phone_3<\/code>. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t choTh\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean h\u1ec7<\/em> li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed?<\/strong> N\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n
            • T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ph\u00e9p m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              4. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ed9i s\u1ed1 \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfm khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n chom\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/h3>\n

              C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/em> v\u1edbi Th\u1ebb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N):<\/strong> M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/em> v\u1edbi S\u00e1ch<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N):<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a A li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a B. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sinh vi\u00ean<\/em> v\u1edbi L\u1edbp<\/em>. Ghi ch\u00fa: Trong tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 trung gian (b\u1ea3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Cardinality v\u00e0 Modality<\/h3>\n

                Cardinality x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (M\u1ed9t, Nhi\u1ec1u). Modality x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c M\u1ed9t:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
                • M\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
                • Kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c Nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n
                • M\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c Nhi\u1ec1u:<\/strong> M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/strong> v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/strong> m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c). M\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                  5. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  Sau khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd xong, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

                  D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

                  \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi c\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> C\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch trong c\u00e1c \u00f4 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
                  • S\u1eeda:<\/strong> Chia c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

                    \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef M\u00e3 sinh vi\u00ean<\/em>, M\u00e3 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/em>, v\u00e0 T\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean<\/em>, th\u00ec T\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean<\/em> ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u00e3 sinh vi\u00ean<\/em>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p. Di chuy\u1ec3n T\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean<\/em> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng Sinh vi\u00ean<\/em> b\u1ea3ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh<\/em>, v\u00e0 M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh<\/em> n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3ng Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> b\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean di chuy\u1ec3n M\u00e3 b\u01b0u ch\u00ednh<\/em> v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em> v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/em> b\u1ea3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n ghi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        6. Xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n

                        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t hay hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                        C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng minh h\u1ecda<\/h3>\n

                        Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u00fang hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh c\u1ea5m n\u00f3, th\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sai.<\/li>\n
                        • \u201cCh\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a m\u1ed9t S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu (x\u00f3a lan truy\u1ec1n).<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd?\u201d<\/strong>N\u1ebfu t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ea3 trong b\u1ea3ng \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ea3ng Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                          Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kinh doanh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u logic. H\u00e3y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u.<\/li>\n
                          • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>H\u1ecfi xem c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu trong danh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
                          • Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai:<\/strong>Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng. N\u1ebfu doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang khu v\u1ef1c m\u1edbi, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \ud83d\uded1<\/h2>\n

                            Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed9t JSON \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 linh ho\u1ea1t n\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p).<\/li>\n
                            • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t:<\/strong>B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m n\u00f3 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
                            • Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>\u0110\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd<\/em>gi\u1eefaSinh vi\u00ean<\/em> v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/em> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/em> v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0y<\/em>). Xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang.<\/li>\n
                            • B\u1ecf qua ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef hoa ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/strong> Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u201cNew York\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 \u201cnew york\u201d<\/em> l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n
                            • Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. M\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n ch\u1eadm t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u2705<\/h2>\n

                              \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 \u00edt cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch d\u01b0\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, customer_id<\/em>). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                              • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Ghi ch\u00fa cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao<\/em> m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng<\/em> n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
                              • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong> Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n quay l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/li>\n
                              • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n whenever c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1eeb khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                              • C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m (th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c che gi\u1ea5u \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                                Chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sang s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh khi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

                                M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic kinh doanh v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                                H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa kinh doanh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1568,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. 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H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/from-requirements-to-erd-practical-translation-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"T\u1eeb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ERD: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd04\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 - m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. 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