{"id":1607,"date":"2026-03-24T20:15:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-24T20:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/silent-power-of-erds-save-backend-work\/"},"modified":"2026-03-24T20:15:28","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T20:15:28","slug":"silent-power-of-erds-save-backend-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vi\/silent-power-of-erds-save-backend-work\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ERD: Ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00eda backend th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea1ch, th\u00eam c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f4i khi th\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau, b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp c\u1eeda m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafcS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD)<\/strong>. ERD l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Khi b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c tr\u01a1n tru gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ERD \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n sau vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sang ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

ERD th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. H\u00e3y h\u00ecnh dung n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd di chuy\u1ec3n m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 l\u1ebd ra c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, m\u1ed9t ERD g\u1ed3m ba th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang theo d\u00f5i. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3mNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em>, \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>, ho\u1eb7cS\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em> th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3memail<\/em>, m\u00e3 b\u0103m m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u<\/em>, v\u00e0th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1o<\/em>.<\/li>\n
  • M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1eadc v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9tNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/em> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u\u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u00e1t sinh khi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy m\u00f4. M\u1ed9t blog \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i b\u1ea3ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin duy nh\u1ea5t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

    Chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \ud83d\udcb8<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy hi\u1ec3m. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi, vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng sau \u0111\u00e2y khi thi\u1ebfu ERD g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u l\u1ea1i:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, nh\u1eadn ra c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n. V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p n\u00e0y l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian sprint.<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i frontend v\u00e0 backend l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 chung, c\u00e1c API th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i. Backend g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; frontend l\u1ea1i mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
    • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tay d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
    • Ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 khi \u0111\u01b0a th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay v\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, v\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0110\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5. Vi\u1ec7c \u201cs\u1eeda ch\u1eefa\u201d gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

      Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

      Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ERD. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

      B\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/th>\n\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/th>\nGhi ch\u00fa tri\u1ec3n khai<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B v\u00e0o A.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M\u1ed9t-\u0111\u1ed1i-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N)<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi duy nh\u1ea5t trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/td>\nM\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/td>\n\u0110\u1eb7t kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong b\u1ea3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda \u201cnhi\u1ec1u\u201d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Nhi\u1ec1u-\u0111\u1ebfn-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N)<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng A li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ghi trong B\u1ea3ng B.<\/td>\nSinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng giao nhau \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      B\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ID s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t duy nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ed9t danh m\u1ee5c vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chu\u1ed7i thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

      Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: Gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \ud83e\uddf9<\/h2>\n

      Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111i l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

      C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF):<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch hay m\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 hai (2NF):<\/strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 1NF. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
      • D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba (3NF):<\/strong>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 2NF. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng? H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>b\u1ea3ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef T\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>trong m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p. N\u1ebfu kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch di chuy\u1ec3n T\u00ean kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>sang m\u1ed9t B\u1ea3ng Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua ID, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

        Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n

        Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i l\u1edbn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n:<\/strong>Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9t v\u00f2ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/li>\n
        • Thi\u1ebfu r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i, r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 l\u1ecdt qua k\u1ebd h\u1edf. C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a s\u1eb5n:<\/strong>L\u01b0u m\u00e3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201ckh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 g\u00e3y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam \u201cb\u1ecb t\u1ea1m ng\u01b0ng\u201d, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i logic \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ecf qua x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m:<\/strong>X\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n s\u1ebd x\u00f3a b\u1ecf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 x\u00f3a m\u1ec1m (\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a thay v\u00ec x\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n) gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
        • Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u01b0a t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ee7 linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i sai n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam l\u1edbp ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          T\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n khai \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

          Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

          Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u01a1n tru:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong>Khi th\u00eam c\u1ed9t, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 null tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp theo. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt:<\/strong>Ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
          • K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ho\u00e0n t\u00e1c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o SQL t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 sinh m\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft logic kinh doanh m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

            H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169. C\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n frontend v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed QA \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            Khi c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Kh\u1ea3 thi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng:<\/strong>C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec?<\/li>\n
            • Hy v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p truy v\u1ea5n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
            • Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a? Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 thi \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft chung n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch sprint. Thay v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ef1c quan. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thay v\u00ec \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

              Xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n

              Khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1ch vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

              C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy xu\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
              • Chia t\u00e1ch:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng? L\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chia t\u00e1ch ngang n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
              • Chia t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc\/ghi:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n sao \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ghi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sao ch\u00e9p.<\/li>\n
              • C\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/strong>M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhu c\u1ea7u vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng sau n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y sang m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

                S\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD chi ti\u1ebft s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n

                \u0110\u1eebng coi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sau c\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ERD n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay h\u00f4m nay. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1ea1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u00e3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u00eda backend th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea1ch, th\u00eam c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a theo tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1608,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ERD: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. H\u1ecdc l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[84,87],"class_list":["post-1607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ERD: L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00eda backend<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (ERD) ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. 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