{"id":1736,"date":"2026-03-25T09:46:44","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:46:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vn\/hidden-logic-behind-erd-database-design\/"},"modified":"2026-03-25T09:46:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T09:46:44","slug":"hidden-logic-behind-erd-database-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-read.com\/vn\/hidden-logic-behind-erd-database-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Logic \u1ea8n Sau C\u00e1c S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 ERD: T\u1ea1i Sao Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2y"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra. N\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ERD. \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, coi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Logic \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong m\u1ed9t ERD quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i sao b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

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\"Chibi-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d ERD L\u00e0 G\u00ec v\u00e0 T\u1ea1i Sao N\u00f3 Quan Tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y. \ud83d\udcca<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf: t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9tb\u1ea3ng ‘users’<\/strong>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9tb\u1ea3ng ‘orders’<\/strong>b\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o? Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng? Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00f4ng qua th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ed1t L\u00f5i<\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ecdi ERD \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t:<\/p>\n

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  • \n

    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0‘S\u00e1ch’<\/em>, ‘T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3’<\/em>, v\u00e0‘Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean’<\/em>. Trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh:<\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t‘S\u00e1ch’<\/em>, c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m‘Ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1’<\/em>, ‘ISBN’<\/em>, v\u00e0‘Ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n’<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7:<\/strong>Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a. N\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u2699\ufe0f Logic c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n

    T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc. \ud83d\udccf N\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cM\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c?\u201d<\/p>\n

    C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

    1. M\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u logic c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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    • \n

      V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t H\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu<\/em>. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      Logic tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>B\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng kia.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. M\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N)<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. M\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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      • \n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em> v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>. M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng duy nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        Logic tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda \u201cnhi\u1ec1u\u201d (b\u1ea3ng \u0110\u01a1n h\u00e0ng<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda \u201cm\u1ed9t\u201d (b\u1ea3ng Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N)<\/h3>\n

        M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

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        • \n

          V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Sinh vi\u00ean<\/em> v\u00e0 Kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/em>. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        • \n

          Logic tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan h\u1ec7. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng trung gian<\/strong> (ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 chia m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \n

          Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

          		\n

          M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 logic<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

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          Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/p>\n<\/th>\n

          		\n

          K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          M\u1ed9t-m\u1ed9t (1:1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t trong hai ph\u00eda<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u2194 Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          M\u1ed9t-nhi\u1ec1u (1:N)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u1edf ph\u00eda \u201cNhi\u1ec1u\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Ph\u00f2ng ban \u2194 Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          Nhi\u1ec1u-nhi\u1ec1u (M:N)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3ng trung gian\/li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u2194 M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \ud83d\udd17 Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h2>\n

          M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham gia<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9p trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

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          • \n

            Tham gia to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            Tham gia m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 B. (V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD th\u1ef1c thi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n tham chi\u1ebfu. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. R\u00e0ng kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i. Logic n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            \ud83e\uddf1 Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (1NF)<\/h3>\n

            Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00ednh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. M\u1ed7i c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t cho “S\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i” li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ba s\u1ed1 trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 hai (2NF)<\/h3>\n

            2NF k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb 1NF b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

            D\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n th\u1ee9 ba (3NF)<\/h3>\n

            3NF lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 vi ph\u1ea1m d\u1ea1ng chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9tTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9tM\u00e3 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/em>, v\u00e0M\u00e3 b\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/em> ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9<\/em>, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1<\/em>th\u00f4ng tin th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

            T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00f3a b\u1ea3n ghi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Logic c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udeab Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc b\u1eaby. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

            1. B\u1ecf qua th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u<\/h3>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t quan h\u1ec7 Nhi\u1ec1u-Nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i logic. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 N:N.<\/p>\n

            2. Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

            M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy v\u1ea5n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

            3. Quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c t\u00ean nh\u01b0 “Table1″<\/em> ho\u1eb7c “Field1″<\/em> kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t logic. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

            4. Thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/h3>\n

            C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9a. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

            \u2705 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n

            \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sau.<\/p>\n

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            • \n

              B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u0110\u1eebng sa l\u1ea7y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c Kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh danh duy nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u00fang r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y neo gi\u1eef logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Ch\u00e2n qu\u1ea1 hay k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Chen, s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o \u1edf b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh. \u0110\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0, \u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            • \n

              Ghi ch\u00fa logic:<\/strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft “c\u00e1i g\u00ec”<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft “t\u1ea1i sao”<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \ud83d\udd04 T\u1eeb Logic sang Tri\u1ec3n khai<\/h2>\n

              Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt cho l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sang c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n

                T\u1eeb Logic sang V\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ERD mang t\u00ednh logic. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. ERD ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Integer, Varchar, Date) ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              2. \n

                R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd trong ERD tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kh\u00f3a ngo\u1ea1i<\/strong>trong \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              3. \n

                Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ERD \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o. M\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng? T\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n

                M\u1ed9t ERD \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng lan t\u1ecfa.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • \n

                  Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, ERD s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm, ERD gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                • \n

                  T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong>ERD \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi trong nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n

                  \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i, logic \u0111\u1eb1ng sau ERD l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb cho quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • \n

                    Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong>\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    Thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh<\/strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    T\u00ednh \u0111a tr\u1ecb<\/strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 (1:1, 1:N, M:N).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    Chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a<\/strong>\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

                  • \n

                    R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/strong>th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a logic thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. H\u00e3y d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m \u01a1n b\u1ea1n. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1737,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Logic \u1ea8n Sau C\u00e1c Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 ERD: T\u1ea1i Sao Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2y","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.","source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","_fifu_image_alt":"","fifu_alt":"","_fifu_alt":"","fifu_image_title":"","_fifu_image_title":"","fifu_input_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[84,87],"asset-category":[],"class_list":["post-1736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-erd","tag-academic","tag-erd"],"source_url":"","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","vp_image_hash":"","yoast_head":"\nLogic \u1ea8n Sau C\u00e1c Bi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed3 ERD: T\u1ea1i Sao Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u C\u1ee7a B\u1ea1n B\u1eaft \u0110\u1ea7u T\u1eeb \u0110\u00e2y<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3-M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7. 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